ჩემი რესურსები

შორეული წარსულიდან უფრო შორი მომავლისაკენ

sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis warmoSoba da ganviTareba marTlac uxsovar droSi, jer kidev maSin daiwyo, rodesac maTi saxelwodebac ki ar arsebobda. es mecnierebebi gansazRvravs Tanamedroveobis progress, civilizaciis donesa da kulturas. 40 000 welze metia, rac adamianma gamoiyena pirveli qimiuri reaqcia _ fizikur movlenaze dayrdnobiT iswavla cecxlis miReba, Senaxva da gamoyeneba. Zveli welTaRricxvis 25-e_me-20 saukuneebSi babilonis samxreTSi moxda pirveli teqnikuri revolucia: adamianma gamoigona borbali da saswori. . .

fizika, rogorc mecniereba egviptelTa da urartuelTa astronomiuli aRmoCenebis, alqimiisa  da maTematikuri codnis safuZvelze Caisaxa Zvel saberZneTSi. kacobriobis istoriis msgavsad fizikis ganviTarebis istoriac calkeuli adamianebis saxelebs  ukavSirdeba, swored maT, visac gamudmebiT awvalebda kiTxva ratom da codnis SeZenis dauokebeli wadili.

qronologiurad pirvel fizikosad, astronomad da maTematikosad   Tales mileTeli iTvleba. igi Zveli welTaRricxvis 640-564 wlebSi cxovrobda. man pirvelad iwinaswarmetyvela mzis dabneleba Zv,w 585 wels. mas ekuTvnis pirveli cnobebi imis Sesaxeb, rom qarva Salze gaxaxunebis Sedegad eleqtrovdeba, agreTve imis Sesaxeb, rom magniti rkinas izidavs. saocaria, magram faqtia, rom kacobriobam eleqtrobasa da magnetizmSi momdevno 23 saukunis manZilze  Talesis memkvidreobas veraferi miumata.

Zveli welTaRricxvis me-4 saukunis filosofosi aristotele miekuTvneba udides moazrovneTa ricxvs kacobriobis istoriaSi.  igi platonis moswavle da aleqsandre makedonelis maswavlebeli iyo. aristoteles genialuri goneba moicavda Zveli samyarosaTvis misawvdomi codnis yvela sferos. mis mier Camoyalibebulma Teoriebma mravali saukunis manZilze iarsebes. swored aristotelem uwoda ZiriTad da umTavres sabunebismetyvelo  mecnierebas saxelad fizika. aristoteles saxels ukavSirdeba samyaros geocentruli modeli, romlis Tanaxmadac samyaros centrSi uZravi dedamiwaa, yvela sxva ciuri sxeuli ki mis garSemo brunavs.

mravali legendaa dakavSirebuli ,,bumberazi sirakuzelis” arqimedes saxelTan. yvelas uswavlia hidrostatikis ZiriTadi kanoni, berketi da sxva martivi meqanizmebic pirvelma swored arqimedem gamoikvlia. dResac popularulia misi gamonaTqvami: ,,momeciT sayrdeni wertili da me davZrav dedamiwas”. sityva ,,evrikas” ki Targmna arcerT enaze ar sWirdeba. am sityviT aRmoCenis sixaruls dResac uamravi adamiani gamoTqvams.

albT bevrs gaakvirvebs, rom karebis avtomaturad gaRebis meqanizmi, wylis gasayidi avtomatebis mowyobiloba da sxva bevri ,,saswauli” Zveli welTaRricxvis pirvel saukuneSi Seqmna heron aleqsandrielma. heronis erT-erTi gamogonebis _ gansakuTrebuli konstruqciis Sadrevnis demonstrirebas Cvenc SemogTavazebT. am SadrevanSi wyali, erTi SexedviT, dedamiwis mizidulobis Zalasac ki Zlevs. heronze Tanamedroveni werdnen, rom man “mecniereba zecidan dedamiwaze Camoitana” da adamianebis saWiroebebs daukavSira.

fizikis ganviTareba uamravi met-naklebad cnobili mecnieris saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli. maT sxvaTagan gamoarCevT kacobriobis mier aswleulTa manZilze dagrovili gamocdilebis uzarmazari okeanidan kanonzomierebaTa aRmoCenisa da momavlis ganWvretis  unari.

meCvidmete saukunidan iwyeba fizikis ganviTarebis axali era. paradoqsia, magram swored aristoteles avtoriteti da genia, romelic mravali mecnierebis safuZveli iyo, iqca fizikis ganviTarebis damabrkolebel faqtorad. bevri adamianis simamace da Tavganwirva, jordano brunos sicocxle, galileo galileis janmrTeloba da uryevi nebisyofa gaxda saWiro, rom Sua saukuneebis evropaSi samyaros agebulebis Sesaxeb axali, ufro marTebuli Tvalsazrisi damkvidrebuliyo: nikolai kopernikis moZRvrebis Tanaxmad samyaros centrSi mzea, dedamiwa da sxva planetebi ki mis garSemo moZraoben. kopernikis Teoriis siswore iohan keplerisa da sxvaTa SromebSi dadasturda.

swored am peroidSi dgeba fizikis ,,oqros xana”. axali fizikis fuZemdeblebad galileo galilei da misi mimdevrebi iTvlebian. man Seiswavla Tavisufali vardna, qanqarisa da simis rxeva, haeris wneva, akustikuri movlenebi, Seqmna Termometris winapari Termoskopi, teleskopi da aRmoaCina iupiteris oTxi Tanamgzavri, saturnis rgoli, mzis laqebi. man Seqmna axali meqanikis safuZvlebi.

uiliam hilberti aviTarebs da ikvlevs Talesis mier mravali saukunis win eleqtrobasa da magnetizmSi gamoTqmul primitiul mosazrebebs. riomerma astronomiuli meTodiT gansazRvra sinaTlis siCqare. toriCelim pirvelad miiRo vakuumi, anu is sicariele, romlisac aristoteles TqmiT, ase eSinoda bunebas. aRmoaCines, rom bunebaSi ori saxis eleqtruli muxti arsebobs. paskalma Seqmna Tanamedrove kompiuteris meqanikuri winapari _ ariTmometri, romelic oTx ariTmetikul moqmedebas awarmoebda.

galilei gardaicvala 1642 wlis 8 ianvars, imave wels ki inglisSi daibada isaak niutoni. 1665_1666 wlebSi, Savi Wiris epidemias garidebuli niutoni mSobliur fermaSi cxovrobda. mezobeli fermerebis TqmiT, isini dRedaRam ofls Rvridnen, “niutonebis usaqmuri” ki mTel dros sarkeebiT TamaSsa da ocnebebSi atarebda _ anu niutoni muSaobda “sinaTlisa da ferebis axal Teoriaze”, qmnida msoflio mizidulobis, planetebis moZraobis Teoriis, klasikuri meqanikis ZiriTadi principebis da diferencialuri da integraluri aRricxvis safuZvlebs. Znelia mecnierebis istoriaSi niutonis sadari figuris moZebna. misi genialuroba ara marto calkeul aRmoCenebsa da TeoriebSi, aramed mis mier Camoyalibebul axal msoflmxedvelobaSi unda veZioT.

am periodis evropaSi yvelaze didi gamogoneba jeims uatis orTqlis manqana iyo. amas mohyva pirveli orTqmavali, pirveli avtomobili, TviTmfrinavi, eleqtronaTura, raketa. . . erTi Tvalis gadavlebiTac ki yvelgan Cans fizikis kanonebis kvali. meTvramete saukuneSi dawyebuli teqnikuri revolucia Tavbrudamxvevi tempiT dRemde grZeldeba. Sesabamisad icvleba adamianis yofa-cxovrebis pirobebi, moTxovnilebebi, kultura. msoflio TiTqos daapatrava internetma, romelic saqveynod cnobil cernis gigantur laboratoriaSi Seiqmna da dRes yvela Cvenganis cxovrebis ganuyrel atributad iqca. fizikaa swored is jadoqari, romelic erTi SexedviT usagno da gaugebari formulebiTa da TavsatexebiT gviiolebs cxovrebas, gviqmnis komforts, gvaZlevs Soreul galaqtikebsa Tu atomis gulSi Caxedvis saSualebas. mTavaria, Cven kargad SeviswavloT fizikis ena da Tan mudam gvaxsovdes rom es sityva qarTulad bunebas niSnavs, rom adamiani bunebis nawilia da ara misi mbrZanebeli.

 Tanamedrove fizika kvlav elis axal niutons. romlis genia bolo aTwleulebSi fizikosebis winaSe wamoWril uamrav axal kiTxvas gascems pasuxs. magram es sulac ar niSnavs, rom klasikuri fizikis SemqmnelTa Rvawli gaufasurdeba! ubralod, fizikis saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi axali Tavebi gaCndeba da mecnierebis winaSe momdevno sufTa furceli gadaiSleba, romelzec samyaros saidumloebaTa axali aRmomCenebi datoveben kvals.

კულონის კანონი

n. kapanaZe